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Routh–Hurwitz theorem : ウィキペディア英語版
Routh–Hurwitz theorem

In mathematics, the Routh–Hurwitz theorem gives a test to determine whether all roots of a given polynomial lie in the left half-plane. Polynomials with this property are called Hurwitz-stable. The Routh–Hurwitz theorem was proved in 1895, and it was named after Edward John Routh and Adolf Hurwitz. It is used in the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion.
==Notations==
Let ''f''(''z'') be a polynomial (with complex coefficients) of degree ''n'' with no roots on the imaginary line (i.e. the line ''Z'' = ''ic'' where ''i'' is the imaginary unit and ''c'' is a real number). Let us define P_0(y) (a polynomial of degree ''n'') and P_1(y) (a nonzero polynomial of degree strictly less than ''n'') by f(iy)=P_0(y)+iP_1(y), respectively the real and imaginary parts of ''f'' on the imaginary line.
Furthermore, let us denote by:
* ''p'' the number of roots of ''f'' in the left half-plane (taking into account multiplicities);
* ''q'' the number of roots of ''f'' in the right half-plane (taking into account multiplicities);
* \Delta\arg f(iy) the variation of the argument of ''f''(''iy'') when ''y'' runs from −∞ to +∞;
* ''w''(''x'') is the number of variations of the generalized Sturm chain obtained from P_0(y) and P_1(y) by applying the Euclidean algorithm;
* I_^r is the Cauchy index of the rational function ''r'' over the real line.

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